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Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction: Partnership
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
One
Parent’s Story . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1:
Intensive Behavioral Intervention.
. . . . . . 7
Historical Foundations 8
Curriculum 9
How Many Hours Of Intervention Should
My Child Receive? 10
What Is The Family’s Role?
10
Therapy Format 11
Teaching Format 12
Teaching Settings 13
Stages Of Therapy 13
Evaluation 14
Program Effectiveness
15
Factors That Good Programs Have In Common
16
Chapter 2: A Method That Works For Older
Children And Adolescents Too . . . . . . . 17
Working With Older Children 20
Educational Placement
21
Chapter 3:
Reinforcement.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Objections To Reinforcement 23
Identifying And Developing Reinforcers
25
Categorizing Reinforcers
27
Selecting Reinforcement Schedules
27
Rules Of Reinforcement
28
Differential And Informational Feedback
35
Chapter 4:
Disruptive Behaviors.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
When Are Behaviors Considered Detrimental? 39
Creating The Optimal Environment
40
Environment And Stress
41
Making Therapy Natural, Fun And Generalizable
42
Chapter 5: Understanding Disruptive Behaviors.
. . . 45
Guidelines For Dealing With Disruptive Behaviors 48
Escalation Cycle 49
Beginning Stage 51
Second Stage 52
Third Stage 53
Final Stage 55
All Stages 55
Specific Behavior Management Techniques
56
Chapter 6: Behavior Programs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Disruptive Behaviors 59
Frustration Tolerance Program
61
Stress Hierarchy 62
Non-Compliance 63
Pointers To Facilitate Compliance
64
Compliance Program
65
Compliance Hierarchy
66
Reactive Program - Positive
67
Reactive Program - Reductive
68
Chapter 7:
Self-Stimulatory Behaviors .
. . . . . . . . . . 69
Functions Of Self-Stimulation 71
Reactive Procedures
73
Systematic Ignoring 73
Reinforcement 73
Response Prevention 74
Reducing The Reinforcing Value Of Self-Stimulation .
.75
Stimulus Control 76
Proactive Procedures
77
Practicality 78
Chapter 8: Sleep Problems
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Establishing A Nighttime Routine 80
Selecting The Proper Bedtime
81
Developing A "Sleep" Object
82
Staying In Bed 83
Keeping Children Out Of Their Parents’ Bed 84
Nap Times 85
Chapter 9: Toilet Training
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Readiness 87
The Equipment!!! 88
Schedule Training 89
Lengthening The Schedule
91
Shaping Independent Toileting
91
Dry Pants Checks 92
Intensive Independent Toilet Training
93
To Prompt Or Not To Prompt
94
Bowel Movement Difficulties
94
Diaper Rituals 95 Nighttime Toileting
96
Nap Time 97
Chapter 10:
Eating Problems.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Food Selection 100
Selecting The Teaching Time
101
Introducing The New Food
101
Other Eating Problems
102
Chapter 11:
Play And Social Skills
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Facilitation Of Language 105
Incidental Learning
106
Social Reinforcement
107
Resistance To Teaching Social And Play Skills
108
Selecting Play Skills To Be Taught
111
Solitary Play 113
Teaching Play 113
Components Of Effective Teaching
114
Task Analysis 114
Teaching One Step At A Time Until Mastery
115
Concentrated Teaching
116
Prompting And Prompt Fading
116
Reinforcement 116
Developing Independence
117
Chapter 12:
Social Play
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Examples Of Social/Play Activities 121
Setting Up Play Dates
122
Peer Selection 124
Stages Of Social Development
124
The Autism Partnership Curriculum for
Discrete Trial Teaching
Session Guidelines
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Discrete Trial Teaching
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Introduction 131
Components of a Discrete Trial
133
Establishing Attention
142
Guidelines for Maximizing Progress
143
Generalization Checklist .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Compliance . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Nonverbal Imitation . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .153
Block and Construction Material Imitation 159
Motor Skills 163
Matching 165
Drawing 171
Play 175
Songs 179
Independent Work And Play 181
Play Scripts 185
Receptive Instructions 189
Receptive Labels 193
Functional Communication 197
Communication Temptations 199
Verbal Imitation 203
Expressive Labeling 209
Conversation — Basic 213
Assertiveness 215
Yes/No 217
Negation 219
Joint Attention 221
Emotions 225
Gestures (Pragmatics) 229
Attributes 233
Functions 237
Categories 241
General Knowledge And Reasoning I 243
General Knowledge And Reasoning II 247
Same vs. Different 251
Prepositions 253
Pronouns 257
Expanding Language 261
Verb Tenses 265
Plurals 269
"I Don’t Know" 271
Conversation — Intermediate 273
Asking Questions 277
Sequencing 281
First/Last 283
Before/After 287
Stories 289
Cause And Effect 291
Comprehension I 295
Comprehension II 297
Peer Interaction 299
Conversation — Advanced 303
Conversation Checklist 307
Social Awareness 309
Observational Learning 311
Socialization Skills 317
What’s Missing? 321
Recall 323
Quantitative Concepts 325
Reading 329
Writing 331
Self-Help Skills 333
Toilet Training 337
School Checklist 343
References 345
Appendices
Appendix A :
Curriculum Assessment
Appendix B :
Daily Data Summary
Appendix
C: Discrete Trial Data
Appendix D :
Overview of Programs
Appendix E :
Performance Evaluation
Appendix F :
Program Description
Appendix G :
Tracking Form
Index
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